What Is Mammography?
Mammography uses low-dose X-ray technology to create detailed images of the breast tissue, called mammograms. These images help detect subtle changes such as calcifications or small masses that may not be felt during a physical exam.
Routine mammography can identify breast changes at an early, more curable stage—making it an essential part of preventive care. The American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends beginning screening at the age of 40 and having screenings every 1-2 years for anyone with average risk of breast cancer.*
What is My Risk Level for Breast Cancer?
Being at average risk of breast cancer means you don’t have factors that significantly increase your chances of developing the disease. People at higher risk may have:
- A close family history of breast, ovarian, or inherited cancers
- Known genetic mutations such as BRCA1 or BRCA2
- Prior radiation therapy to the chest at a young age
- Previous biopsy results showing abnormal or high-risk cells.
If none of these apply to you, your provider will likely consider you at average risk. If you’re determined to be at high risk, your screening schedule will likely begin earlier and occur more frequently as determined by your provider.
What to Expect During Your Mammogram
Your comfort and privacy are always a priority. Here’s what typically happens during the exam:
- You’ll undress from the waist up and wear a front-opening gown.
- A technologist will help position one breast between two flat plates on a specialized X-ray machine.
- The plates apply gentle pressure to flatten the tissue for clear images.
- You may feel brief pressure, but the process lasts only a few seconds per image.
- The same steps are repeated for your other breast and side views.
Once complete, the technologist checks the images for clarity. Your provider will follow up with your results and discuss any next steps or additional screenings if needed.
Screening vs. Diagnostic Mammograms
Your provider will determine the right type of mammogram based on your medical history, symptoms, and previous results:
| Screening Mammogram | Diagnostic Mammogram |
| A routine exam for individuals without symptoms, typically recommended every 1–2 years starting at age 40 unless breast cancer risk factors are present, which may require earlier and more frequent screenings. | A more detailed test used when a screening reveals an abnormality or when symptoms such as a lump, pain, or nipple discharge are present. |
Preparing for Your Appointment
To ensure the clearest possible images, avoid wearing powders, lotions, or deodorants on the day of your test—they can appear on X-rays. Consider scheduling your mammogram in the week after your period, when breasts may be less tender. Bring any previous mammogram results or imaging records to help your provider compare changes over time.
Schedule Your Mammogram
If you’re due for a screening or have questions about your breast cancer risk, schedule a mammography appointment with a UWH of Pennsylvania provider. Early detection saves lives—and it starts with a single screening.
FAQs
When should I start getting mammograms?
If you’re at average risk, ACOG recommends starting screening mammography between ages 40 and 45, continuing every 1–2 years until at least age 75. Your provider may adjust this schedule based on your personal or family history.
What if I have dense breasts?
Dense breast tissue is common and can make it harder to detect cancer on a mammogram. Your provider may recommend additional imaging, such as an ultrasound, to ensure a complete evaluation.
Are mammograms painful?
You may feel mild pressure for a few seconds during compression, but the procedure is brief. Scheduling your test soon after your period may help reduce tenderness.
*Source: ACOG